Transformer oil testing is a tried-and-true loss prevention method that should be a part of any condition-based predictive maintenance program. Transformer oil is a type of oil that has excellent electrical shielding properties and can withstand high temperatures. Transformer oil is used to cloister, prevent arcing and partial discharge, and scatter the transformer in oil-field electrical power transformers.
The breakdown voltage of transformer oil is referred to as the BDV. The maximum voltage that withstands oil capacity without breakdown is defined as the BDV or dielectric strength of the oil. BDV testing of transformer oil is critical for trouble-free transformer operation. As a result, periodic testing of the transformer oil by utility power test is required to ensure the transformer oil's health.
Transformer oil insulation applications
- Insulation
The transformer oil is used in the transformer for both insulation and cooling. The dielectric strength of various insulating materials varies. The insulating material needs a voltage of up to meet its dielectric strength. When the voltage is raised above the specified dielectric strength of the insulating material, the current begins to flow through it. And the material eventually becomes permanently punctured.
- Quickly absorb moisture
The transformer oil is hygroscopic, which means it absorbs moisture quickly. The dielectric strength of the oil deteriorates as moisture is absorbed. That is why, in the transformer, a breather filled with silica gel is used to trap external moisture while breathing in silica gel.
- Restrict the temperature
The power transformer's core and windings are immersed in transformer oil. The heat generated inside the transformer due to iron and copper loss must be dissipated outside of the transformer to keep the temperature within a safe range. The heat generated inside the transformer is transferred to oil, and the heat is transferred to the outer tank body, where it is dissipated in the atmosphere. The quality of the transformer oil is critical for the safe operation of an oil-filled transformer.
Reasons for performing a BDV Test on Transformer Oil regularly.
The dielectric breakdown voltage test is a quick and easy way to determine transformer oil contamination. Water is the most common contaminant. However, other contaminants such as conductive particles, dirt, debris, insulating particles, and byproducts of transformer oil oxidation and aging can reduce the dielectric strength of mineral insulating transformer oil.
Purpose of BDV Test of Transformer Oil
The breakdown voltage test (BDV test) is helpful for the following purposes:
- Predicting the remaining life of the transformer
- Enhancing operational safety
- Preventing equipment fires
- Maintaining transformer reliability
Transformer Oil Testing Methods are an essential component of any maintenance program. The most crucial test for the liquid lining is an annual DGA. Gas analysis in oil can reveal insulation overheating/overloading, corona discharge, liquid overheating, or arcing in the transformer.
Additional physical, chemical, and electrical tests are included in the screen test, such as power factor, interfacial tension, acidity, color, and dielectric breakdown. There is no single test that can determine the actual state of the liquid. As a result, all utility power tests must be carried out. Furthermore, transformer oil labs perform useful tests for water content, PCBs, furanic compounds, and metals-in-oil.
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