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A Beginner's Guide to Artificial General Intelligence

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Dailya Roy

Humans have considered creating sentient robots for centuries. Since then, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has had its fair share of ups and downs, achievements and failures. The use of machine learning algorithms in novel contexts is a common theme in today's media. AI is enabling accuracy in transforming our environment in many ways, from detecting and preventing disease to comprehending and summarising images and processing natural language. There are many potential plot twists in the development of contemporary AI. In the 1950s, pioneers like Alan Turing and John von Neumann focused on creating "thinking machines," and the field of artificial intelligence (AI) was born. Many years of boom and bust and unrealistic expectations followed, but AI and its early developers persisted. Now more than ever, the actual power of AI is being shown, with an emphasis on practical applications and the delivery of technologies like deep learning.


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Modern Era of Artificial Intelligence:

Strong AI, which refers to AI that can typically accomplish any intellectual work that a person can, became the primary emphasis of contemporary AI beginning in the 1950s. Weak AI, or focusing AI approaches on more specific tasks, emerged in response to the stagnation of strong AI. AI studies were divided between these two approaches until the 1980s. To provide computers with the capacity to learn and develop models to conduct operations like prediction inside certain domains, machine learning became a popular topic of study in 1980. Deep learning originated around the year 2000, building on prior work in both AI and machine learning. Using novel topologies and learning techniques, computer scientists deployed multi-layered neural networks. The advancement of neural networks has led to the effective resolution of difficult issues across many fields.

 

Foundational AI:

The concept that the brain is an electrical network of firing pulses that orchestrates thinking and awareness was proposed in research conducted before 1950. Digital implementations of all computations were shown by Alan Turing. So, it seems like it shouldn't be too far-fetched to try to create a computer that can function similarly to the human brain. This area of AI's strength was the focus of most early studies, but the ideas upon which modern machine learning and deep learning are based were also developed at this time.

 

AI as a Search Engine:

Brute-force searching (using techniques like depth-first search and breadth first search) is a viable solution to many AI challenges. Basic search soon becomes inefficient when dealing with the search space for intermediate issues. Building a checkers-playing computer programme is often seen as one of the early applications of AI as search. The first such programme was developed by Arthur Samuel on the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine. It used alpha-beta pruning, an optimisation technique for search trees. It was the first self-learning programme since his code kept track of how often a certain action resulted in a reward. As a means of accelerating the program's learning, Samuel gave it the capacity to play against itself.

Search is effective for many straightforward issues, but it soon breaks down as the number of options grows. Consider the classic game of tic-tac-toe. There are nine different actions at the beginning of the game. There are eight alternative responses to each move, and so on. Unoptimized for rotation to eliminate duplicates, the whole tic-tac-toe move tree has 362,880 nodes. The drawbacks of search become readily apparent when applying this similar thought experiment to the games of chess and Go.

 

Importance of Artificial Intelligence:

The study of artificial general intelligence (AGI) is becoming more significant since it has the potential to affect many facets of human existence, including the ways in which we work and live. Researchers may learn more about the opportunities and risks associated with creating AI by taking the machine learning course. Knowledge of AI also has the potential to transform several sectors, including the medical, financial, industrial, and transportation sectors.

 

Machine Learning:

Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science's machine learning area has its origins in the fields of statistics and mathematical optimisation. Applications of machine learning include forecasting, analytics, and data mining, and it makes use of both supervised and unsupervised learning methods.


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Dailya Roy
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