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In general, hydro turbines are divided into two categories: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. This category is based on how energy is exchanged between the turbine and the fluid. In this article, we will introduce the Impulse Turbine and how it works.
Impulse turbines operate based on changing velocity vectors. In general, the potential energy of water is converted to kinetic energy by one or more nozzles based on the height of the waterfall, and then the water hits the turbine blades at high speed, causing the turbine to spin. And thus generates electricity.
Impulse turbines change the direction of fluid flow or high-speed gas jets. The impulse rotates to obtain the turbine and leaves the fluid flow with reduced kinetic energy. In turbine blades (moving blades), no pressure is created at medium or gas pressure because, in the case of steam or gas turbines, all pressure is applied to fixed blades (nozzles). Before reaching the turbine, the fluid acceleration head changes speed by accelerating the middle with a nozzle.
Impulse Turbine Working Principles for power generation include the following steps:
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The stored water flows from a source upstream through Penstock to be delivered to the nozzle.
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The potential energy of the water inside the nozzle is converted into kinetic energy and injected into the blades or buckets; thus, the runner spins. Click Here to read more.
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