
Diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia is mainly based on the description of the pain, such as type, location and many more. The doctors may conduct many tests to diagnose trigeminal neuralgia and determine underlying causes for the condition, to diagnose those conditions a neurological examination and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be done.
To treat trigeminal neuralgia the doctors may prescribe anticonvulsants, antispasmodic agents, botox injections, surgical options such as microvascular decompression, radiofrequency thermal lesioning, brain stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma knife), and many more.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is defined by the International Headache Society as a “unilateral disorder characterized by brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, and limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve.”
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Trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, severe facial pain. It is often described as sharp shooting pain or feels like having an electric shock in the jaw, teeth, or gums. It is reported that 150,000 people are diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia every year. While the disorder can occur at any age, it is most common in people over the age of 50.
There are several effective ways to alleviate pain, including a variety of medications. The current treatment regimen for Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) involves medicines, neurosurgical procedures, and complementary approaches.
Anticonvulsant medicines are used to block nerve firing are generally effective in treating TN1 but often less effective in TN2. These drugs include carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, clonazepam, phenytoin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid.
Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline or nortriptyline are also used to treat pain. Common analgesics and opioids are not usually helpful in treating the sharp, recurring pain caused by TN1, although some individuals with TN2 do respond to opioids. Eventually, if medication fails to relieve pain or produces intolerable side effects such as cognitive disturbances, memory loss, excess fatigue, bone marrow suppression, or allergy.
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