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How to produce eco-friendly synthetic spider silk

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Sharvari Gaikwad
How to produce eco-friendly synthetic spider silk

Protein fibres are spun by spiders into spider silk. Webs are produced by spiders that provide sticky nets and shelter for predators or serve as nests or cocoons that protect their young or catch prey. Silk is also adept at suspending them self, allowing them to float in the air, or allowing them to escape predators, among other things. Spiders use different types of silk for different purposes, and their thickness and stickiness vary accordingly.

 

For thousands of years, spider silk has piqued human curiosity, owing to its tenacity and ductility, as well as the fact that it does not appear to induce irritation or allergic responses. As a result, spider silk has been used for bandages as well as hunting and fishing.

 

Lab researchers also make synthetic spider silk by fermenting polylactic acid and bacteria to generate the required spider silk proteins. Tests in the lab involve a fermentation process similar to brewing beer, but with added genetic engineering to generate the required spider silk proteins.

 

Spiders employ their silk for a variety of purposes in nature, including webs, wrapping prey, protecting their progeny, and as a lifeline to guarantee their safe escape from predators. Spiders have a considerably wider range of silk applications than insects like silkworms, which primarily utilise their silk to make cocoons.

 

Spider silks are protein polymers with unusual physical characteristics, but the makeup of the varied silks generated by different spiders is unknown. Draglines from the golden orb weaver Nephila clavipes and the garden cross spider Araneus diadematus have received the most attention among the many forms of spider silks. Dragline silks are made up of two primary proteins, and it's unknown whether other proteins have a part in the construction and final structure of the silk. MaSp1 and MaSp2 (Primary an mpullate S pidroins) are the two major protein components of draglines from Nephila clavipes and Araneus diadematus, respectively. MaSp1 and MaSp2 (M ajor an mpullate S pidroins) are the two primary protein components of draglines from Nephila clavipes, and ADF-3 and ADF-4 from Araneus diadematus (A raneus D iadematus F ibroin). The apparent molecular weights of dragline silk proteins range from 180 to 720 kDa, depending on the circumstances of investigation. The molecular ratio between MaSp1 and MaSp2 and between ADF-4 and ADF-3 inside the dragline fibre is estimated to be around 3 to 2 based on amino acid content.

 

While spider silk can be useful for many applications, large scale production is difficult. Silk can be extracted only from one spider, which isn't enough to make a single dress. Therefore, collecting spiders from nature and milking silk from spider farms isn't efficient.

Read more @ https://www.tradove.com/blog/Synthetic-spider-silk-is-stronger-and-more-durable-than-the-real-thing.html

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