
Official Name:Netherlands
Capital:Amsterdam
Total area:41 543 km2
GDP per capita:$42,193
Native Language:Dutch
Government:Unitary parliamentary representative democracy under constitutional monarchy
Population:16,788,973
Major Religion:Roman Catholicism
Monetary Unit:Euro (EUR)
The Netherlands, as the name suggests, is a low-lying area with a quarter of the country lying at or below sea level. Many areas are protected from flooding by dikes and dikes. Much land has been reclaimed from the sea, the Flevoland polder being the most recent example.
The Dutch Parliament (or Staten Generaal) consists of two chambers. The first, with 75 members, is indirectly elected and has limited powers. The second chamber or lower house is directly elected. Members of both houses serve four-year terms. Given the country's multi-party system, all governments are coalitions.
Industrial activity in the Netherlands consists mainly of food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical and electronic machinery. It has a dynamic agricultural sector and is known for its plants and cut flowers. The port of Rotterdam is the busiest in Europe and serves a vast hinterland that stretches into Germany and Central Europe.
The Netherlands has a history of great painters. The 17th century was the era of Dutch masters such as Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer and Jan Steen. The 19th and 20th centuries were no less notable for their high profile artists such as Vincent van Gogh and Piet Mondriaan.
Well-known Dutch specialties include raw herring, smoked eel and pea soup, as well as a wide range of cheeses such as Edam and Gouda.
Health & Wellbeing
Europe's most comprehensive social system includes education, health, employment and social assistance.
Economy & Jobs
Foreign trade, manufacturing, construction and services.
Main attraction
Amsterdam, the Hoge Veluwe National Park, the city of Maastricht and the Randstad region.
Business
The Netherlands has a developed economy and has played a special role in the European economy for many centuries. Shipping, fishing, trade and banking have been leading sectors of the Dutch economy since the 16th century. The Netherlands is among the top 10 export countries in the world. Food is the largest industrial sector. Other important industries are chemical, metallurgical, machinery, electrical appliances and tourism. Examples include Unilever, Heineken, financial services (ING), chemicals (DSM), petroleum refineries (Shell), electronic machines (Philips, ASML) and car navigation TomTom.
The Netherlands has the 17th largest economy in the world and ranks 10th in GDP (nominal) per capita. Between 1997 and 2000, annual economic growth (GDP) averaged almost 4%, well above the European average. Growth slowed significantly from 2001 to 2005 as the global economy slowed, but accelerated to 4.1% in the third quarter of 2007. In May 2013 inflation was 2.8% per year. In April 2013, the unemployment rate was 8.2% of the labor force.