The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt into the TCA cycle, a closed cycle that produces and recycles GABA, re-enters at succinate. The TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA is bypassed in favour of the intermediate GABA by the GABA shunt, which converts alpha-ketoglutarate into succinate in a different manner. GABA is produced when alpha-ketoglutarate is transaminated and then decarboxylated. GABA transaminase converts GABA into succinic semialdehyde after that.
The succinic acid semialdehyde loop is closed when succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) oxidises succinic semialdehyde to succinate. Among the cells that express the necessary enzymes for the GABA shunt are neurons, glial cells, macrophages, and pancreatic cells.
The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt into the TCA cycle, a closed cycle that produces and recycles GABA, re-enters at succinate. The TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA is bypassed in favour of the intermediate GABA by the GABA shunt, which converts alpha-ketoglutarate into succinate in a different manner. GABA is produced when alpha-ketoglutarate is transaminated and then decarboxylated. GABA transaminase converts GABA into succinic semialdehyde after that.
Succinic acid is an alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid that is created when butane's terminal methyl groups are formally oxidised to the corresponding carboxy group. It is a metabolite that the citric acid cycle uses as an intermediary. It serves as a micronutrient, a basic metabolite, an anti-ulcer drug, a radiation protective agent, a nutraceutical, and more. It is a C4-dicarboxylic acid and an alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a succinate's conjugate acid.
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