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Indonesian specialty grade coffee : A cup of Java

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Ayo Mellysa
Indonesian specialty grade coffee : A cup of Java

Kopi Indonesia or Indonesian coffee, both Robusta, and Arabica, has different characteristics in each region. Coffee is a plant that can grow in the lowlands and highlands. The minimum height for growing coffee is 500 meters above sea level (masl), and the maximum height at which coffee can still grow and bear fruit properly is 2000 masl.


Two types of coffee are most widely grown in Indonesia, namely Robusta and Arabica. Robusta is a type of coffee that is more resistant to hot climates, so it can be grown at lower altitudes, in contrast to Arabica coffee which demands higher altitudes, the temperature at the planting location should also be between 14-24 degrees Celsius.


In terms of shape, Robusta coffee beans are rounder and Arabica beans tend to be more oval. There are also differences in the structure of the beans, so the roasting process used is not the same. Because it can be grown in areas that have low altitudes, Robusta coffee is easier to find than Arabica. Not only that, but Robusta coffee plants are also faster to grow and produce fruit, unlike Arabica which takes several years to ripen and requires a larger area.


The caffeine content of Arabica coffee is also lower, which is 08-1.4%, so it is not too bitter but has a higher acidity level. Most Arabica coffees have a fruity or floral aroma. Some are accompanied by a nutty aroma. It feels smoother and fuller. No wonder the price is also much more expensive than other types of coffee.


What is Indonesian Coffee with Specialty Grade Coffee?


Coffee that has been well cared for since planted, picked in ripe condition, when the seeds are red, and has gone through a good harvest and post-harvest process, will produce high-quality coffee. After passing the cupping score assessment process, coffee can get the status of specialty grade coffee, which can increase the selling price of coffee


Several types of Indonesian coffee


Coffee plantations that are spread all over make Indonesia have many types of Indonesian coffee. Indonesian coffee, both Robusta, and Arabica, has different characteristics in each region. Indonesia is blessed with a geographical location that is very suitable to function as a coffee plantation. Indonesia's location is ideal for a microclimate for coffee growth and production. Based on the region, the types of Indonesian Coffee which are included in specialty coffee include;


1. Sumatran Coffee


Sumatran coffee is one of the most famous coffees in the world. Almost 80% of Indonesia's coffee exports come from Sumatra. The most famous Sumatran coffee comes from Lampung as well as from North Sumatra with Sidikalang, Lintong, and Mandheling coffees. Sumatran coffee has a heavy taste. It can be said to be the heaviest and most complex of the types of coffee in the world. Some coffee experts say that Sumatran coffee has a unique taste because it is characterized by a spicy and earthy aroma. Sumatran coffee has a smooth texture and a sharp smell.


2. Sulawesi Coffee


Tana Toraja is an area blessed with the land where coffee thrives with quality that is no less good than coffee from other regions. The strong taste and high acid content make Toraja coffee attractive to the market, which likes coffee with high acidity. Toraja coffee has a smaller bean shape and is more shiny and slippery on the seed coat.


3. Aceh Gayo Coffee


Gayo coffee produces most of the best types of Arabica coffee. The taste of Gayo coffee itself is bitter with a low acidity level. It is very sharp aroma makes this type of coffee preferred.


4. Kintamani Bali Coffee


This coffee has a sour and fresh fruity taste. This happens because the coffee plants in Bali Kintamani are planted together with other crops such as various vegetables and citrus fruits. This type of coffee uses an 'intercropping' system along with other types of plants. That's why coffee beans absorb fruity flavors like oranges.


5. Papua Wamena Coffee


This coffee from Eastern Indonesia grows at an altitude of 1,500 m with a temperature of 20 degrees. Making it a coffee with a light taste and a delicious sharp aroma. Papua Wamena coffee has a low acidity level. What makes this coffee high quality is that the farmers grow this coffee organically because it does not use chemicals that can certainly affect the coffee that will be produced.


6. Flores Bajawa Coffee


Flores Bajawa coffee is coffee originating from Ngada Regency. This coffee grows on the fertile plains of Flores even though it is surrounded by mountains that are still active or not. The soil where this coffee is produced turns out to contain fertile andosols from volcanic ash which are very good for growing coffee. Flores Bajawa coffee usually through pro


wet milling session. This coffee has a slightly fruity aroma and a slight tobacco aftertaste.


7. Javanese Coffee


This coffee is so famous that the Javanese name has become the identity name for coffee. Indonesian Javanese coffee does not have the same shape as coffee from Sumatra and Sulawesi, the taste is also not as rich as coffee from Sumatra or Sulawesi because most Java coffee is processed wet (wet process). Even so, some Javanese coffees give off a light aroma of spices that make them better than other types of coffee.


Java coffee has low acidity. The most famous Javanese coffees are Jampit and Blawan. Production of Java Arabica Coffee is centered in the middle of the Ijen Mountains, at the eastern tip of Java Island, with a mountain altitude of 1,400 meters. The western part of Java also has its specialty coffee called Java Preanger. Arabica Java Preanger coffee itself has a unique taste quality which is marked by the components: Uniformity, Clean Cup, Sweetness, Lemony Flavor, Acidity, and balanced after taste.


Conclusion


Indonesian coffee, which has many varieties of specialty coffee, is a distinct advantage in working in foreign markets. The increase in coffee consumption in Indonesia and the high level of enthusiasm that has led to many new coffee entrepreneurs is one of the opportunities that must be utilized by Indonesia to increase coffee production and increase the efficiency of the production process which will ultimately increase Indonesia's coffee exports.

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