
Its emergence and development are connected with the most basic life and production of human beings. At this time, human ceramics, glass making, metallurgy, wine making, dyeing and other processes, mainly in the direct inspiration of practical experience after tens of thousands of years of exploration, chemical knowledge has not yet formed. This was the infancy of chemistry. From 1500 BC to 1650 AD, wholesale chemicals achemists and alchemists, in the palace, in the church, in their own homes, in the smoke of the mountains and forests, in search of immortality, in search of gold for prosperity, began the first chemical experiments. There are many books that record and summarize alchemy in China, Arabia, Egypt and Greece. During this period, many chemical changes between substances were accumulated, which prepared rich materials for the further development of chemistry. This is one of the most dramatic scenes in the history of chemistry that has amazed us. Later, alchemy, alchemy after several ups and downs, so that people more see its absurd side. In turn, chemical methods found their rightful use in medicine and metallurgy. During the European Renaissance, books on chemistry were published and the term "chemistry" was first used. The origin of English chemistry is alchemy. Two related meanings remain: chemist and pharmacist. These are the relics of a culture where chemistry was born out of alchemy and pharmaceuticals. In 1661, the British scientist R.Boyle gave the first scientific definition of "element" and proposed the concept of chemical elements. He also introduced rigorous experimental methods to the study of chemistry, laying the foundation for the development of chemistry as an experimental science. Boyle believed that chemistry should be studied for its own purposes, that is, the study of the composition, properties and chemical changes of matter. These radical changes made chemistry an independent science. In the second half of the 17th century and 18th century Europe, with the accumulation of metallurgical industry and laboratory experience, people summed up the perceptual knowledge that combustible can burn because it contains "phlogiston", the combustion process is the process of "phlogiston" release in the fuel, and the fuel becomes ash after the release of phlogiston. Around 1777, Lavoisier (A.L.Lavoisier) elaborated the oxidation theory of combustion on the basis of chemical experiments, and in 1779 systematically established a scientific oxidation theory to completely replace the traditional fuel theory. In 1808, the British scientist J.Dalton proposed the atomic theory, which introduced the concept of atomic weight into chemistry for the first time, making chemistry truly embark on the road of quantitative science.