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Demineralized Bone Matrix: A Viable Option for Bone Repair and Regeneration

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naufan003
Demineralized Bone Matrix: A Viable Option for Bone Repair and Regeneration

What is Demineralized Bone Matrix?

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an osteobiologic material that is derived from human or animal bones. It contains naturally occurring bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and other growth factors that are essential for bone formation. DBM is created by removing mineral components from donated cadaver or animal bones through an acid extraction process, leaving behind a collagen matrix and protein growth factors. This process strips away the bone's minerals including calcium and retains the osteoinductive organic components that induce bone formation. Preparation and Characteristics of Demineralized Bone Matrix To prepare Demineralized Bone Matrix, bones from human or animal donors are treated with an acid solution to dissolve the mineral content and extract the collagen matrix. The extracted solution is then heat-treated and deorganized to preserve the biological activity of BMPs and other osteoinductive factors. The final processed DBM takes the form of a powder, gel, or putty that is easy to mix with bone voids or new bone graft. It maintains microscopic pore structure from the original bone to promote cellular infiltration and new bone ingrowth. DBM provides an osteoconductive scaffold as well as osteoinductive growth factors that recruit stem cells to the defect site and initiate the bone healing cascade. Clinical Applications of Demineralized Bone Matrix in Bone Repair DBM has been widely used in orthopedic and dental procedures as an alternative to autograft for bone repair and regeneration. Some common clinical applications include: - Spinal fusion surgeries - DBM is mixed with spinal bone graft extenders to promote fusion and healing of vertebrae. - Joint reconstruction - It can augment bone grafting in total hip and knee replacements to maximally fill defects and enhance bone bonding to implants. - Periodontal and dental procedures - Used as a graft material in jaw reconstruction and regrowth of alveolar bones supporting dental implants. - Foot and ankle reconstruction - Facilitates repair of navicular bone fractures, tibial and calcaneal osteotomies. - Non-union bone fractures - When mixed with bone marrow aspirate, DBM can stimulate healing of delayed-union or non-union fractures. Benefits and Effectiveness of Demineralized Bone Matrix The key advantages of DBM over autograft are its availability in unlimited supply, lack of donor site morbidity, and superior handling properties in surgery. Several clinical studies have demonstrated DBM to be as effective as autologous bone in stimulating new bone formation: - A meta-analysis of 30 randomized controlled trials found DBM grafts elicit similar bone regeneration compared to autografts in spinal fusion. - In foot and ankle surgery, DBM grafts achieved bony union rates of 85–95%, equivalent to autograft outcomes. - For oral and maxillofacial reconstruction, DBM showed 85–90% success in augmenting defect sites and promoting bone in-growth. - When combined with platelet-rich plasma, DBM stimulated significantly higher new bone formation than autograft alone in animal studies. Thus, DBM presents a safe and effective bone void filling alternative to autograft for various orthopedic procedures with reduced donor site problems. The osteoinductive properties of its endogenous growth factors enable comparable outcomes to the bone healing gold standard. Demineralized bone matrix is an osteoinductive bone graft material derived from human or animal bones through an acid extraction process. Retaining BMPs and other proteins essential for bone formation, DBM acts as both an osteoconductive scaffold and stimulant of new bone ingrowth. With unlimited supply and lack of donor morbidity, DBM has emerged as a viable option to autograft in promoting bone regeneration and repair in various orthopedic and dental clinical applications. Supported by abundant evidence from preclinical and clinical studies, DBM presents a highly effective graft substitute for enhanced bone healing.


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About Author:

Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc.

(https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163)

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