The Suhmas, an ancient tribe, hold a significant place in the historical
and cultural narratives of Jain literature and Indian epics. Their presence is predominantly recorded in the "Ayaranga-sutta," one of the oldest sacred texts of Jainism, which marks the first mention of the Suhma territory. This area, roughly correlating to the modern-day districts of undivided Midnapore and parts of Hooghly and Howrah in West Bengal, is depicted as a distinct land that contributes to our understanding of regional identities in ancient India.
The realm of the Suhmas is notably referenced in the epic narratives of the Mahabharata. In particular, Bhima's conquests highlight the unique characteristics of the Suhma territory, differentiating it from neighbouring regions such as Vanga and Tamralipta. Suhma is identified as one of the Baleya Ksatras, alongside its brothers Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, and Pundra. This affiliation suggests a rich tapestry of interrelated cultures and polities that were influential in trade, social interactions, and political dynamics during ancient times.
Moreover, the Puranic and epic literature, including the "Sabha Parva" and the "Pavanaduta," indicate that the Suhma country was situated along the Ganges River, elucidating its strategic importance in trade and cultural exchanges. It is noteworthy that Lord Buddha delivered the Janapada-kalyan Sutta in this region, underscoring its significance as a centre for spiritual discourse.
The historical narratives present a comprehensive picture of Suhma as part of the broader Radha region, which was significantly shaped by the two Janapadas, Brahma and Suhma. This reflects an intricate link between geography, culture, and identity in ancient Indian history. Thus, the Suhmas represent an essential part of the cultural mosaic that comprised ancient India, contributing to the legacy of the Jain tradition and the rich historical landscape of the subcontinent.
