It’s natural for parents to worry when something doesn't seem right with their newborn. One common concern in baby boys is undescended testicles. This condition, known medically as cryptorchidism, affects roughly 1 in every 25 full-term male infants. In some cases, both testicles are undescended, but most often, only one is affected.
In many babies, the testicle may move into place naturally within the first few months of life. However, if it hasn't descended by six months, medical evaluation is essential. Ignoring the issue can lead to long-term complications like infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer.
The earlier it's treated, the better the outcomes. Parents are advised not to wait and see beyond the recommended timeframe. Instead, prompt medical advice should be sought to ensure the best future for their child.
Why is surgery needed for undescended testicles?
Surgery becomes necessary when the testicle doesn't descend on its own by around six months. The procedure, called orchidopexy, is designed to move the testicle from the abdomen or groin into the scrotum. This not only places the testicle in its correct position but also allows for normal development.
More importantly, it helps preserve fertility and makes it easier to examine the testicle in later years for any abnormalities. Leaving the testicle in the abdomen increases its exposure to higher temperatures, which may hinder sperm production.
Additionally, testicles located outside the scrotum can be harder to detect in cases of testicular cancer. Early surgical intervention is the safest and most effective long-term solution.
What happens during orchidopexy?
Orchidopexy is a straightforward and safe procedure performed under general anaesthesia. It typically takes about 45 minutes to one hour. The surgeon makes a small cut in the groin and gently guides the testicle down into the scrotum. It is then stitched into place using dissolvable sutures.
In most cases, the child can return home the same day. It’s minimally invasive, and scarring is usually tiny and fades with time. The procedure is low-risk when handled by experienced surgeons and offers high success rates.
How long does recovery take?
Recovery from orchidopexy is often smooth and fast. Most children resume normal activities within a few days. However, active play and rough movements should be limited for about two weeks to allow proper healing.
Parents should keep the surgical area clean and dry. They may also be given mild painkillers for any post-operative discomfort. Some swelling or bruising is normal but should improve steadily. Regular follow-ups are scheduled to ensure proper healing and that the testicle remains in its new position.
Can undescended testicles affect fertility?
Yes, if left untreated, the condition can impact fertility. The scrotum provides a cooler environment necessary for healthy sperm production. When a testicle remains inside the abdomen, the increased temperature can harm the delicate tissue responsible for producing sperm.
The good news is, when surgery is done early — preferably before 18 months — the risk of fertility issues is greatly reduced. Boys with one affected testicle generally have normal fertility later. However, if both testicles are undescended, the risk of infertility is higher.
Early surgery helps protect future reproductive health and gives children the best chance of becoming parents themselves one day.
What are the risks of the operation?
Like all surgeries, orchidopexy carries some risks, though they are quite rare. These include bleeding, infection, or the testicle moving back out of the scrotum. In very rare cases, the testicle may lose its blood supply, which can lead to tissue damage.
To minimise risks, it’s crucial to choose a qualified paediatric urologist or surgeon. Parents should follow all post-surgery instructions and attend follow-up visits. Any signs of fever, redness, pus, or increased pain should be reported to the doctor immediately.
How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?
The diagnosis is often made during routine newborn checks. A doctor will feel the baby’s scrotum to see if both testicles are present. If one is missing, the baby will be monitored for a few months. If the testicle hasn’t descended by the six-month mark, the doctor may suggest imaging tests like an ultrasound or MRI.
In some rare cases, the testicle may not be present at all. This could be due to it not developing properly or being lost during pregnancy. If imaging is inconclusive, laparoscopy — a minor surgical procedure — may be done to locate it.
What causes undescended testicles?
The exact cause isn’t always clear. Several factors are believed to contribute. These include premature birth, low birth weight, genetic conditions, and maternal health during pregnancy. Hormonal imbalances affecting the baby in the womb may also play a role.
Family history is another consideration. If other males in the family have had the condition, there may be a genetic link. However, in many cases, there’s no obvious reason — it just happens.
Do hormone treatments help?
Hormone therapy has been used as an alternative or supplement to surgery. In this approach, hormone injections — usually human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) — are administered to stimulate the testicle to descend naturally.
One such treatment includes the Hucog HP 10000IU Injection, which contains Chorionic Gonadotropin. While this method can be effective in some cases, it doesn't always work. Moreover, surgery remains the more reliable and widely recommended option by specialists.
Why follow-up care is essential
After surgery, consistent follow-up is critical. Doctors need to confirm the testicle is growing normally and staying in place. In some cases, additional treatment may be needed if the testicle re-ascends or shows signs of atrophy.
Regular monitoring during childhood and puberty ensures that the testicle is functioning properly and helps detect any early signs of complications. These visits are also an opportunity for parents to raise any new concerns.
Final Thoughts
While the idea of surgery on a small child can feel overwhelming, orchidopexy is a safe, routine procedure with excellent results. Early treatment of undescended testicles gives boys the best chance for a healthy, fertile future. If your child’s testicle hasn’t descended by six months, don’t wait — consult a specialist and take the necessary steps.
Your child’s future health could depend on acting today.
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