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Understand the principle of operation of the lighting semiconductor laser

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jack xun

laser à semi-conductor, éalso callé laser diode, is a green laser astronomy which uses a matériau semiconductor as the active ingredient. It présente the characteréthe characteristics of small size and long hardée of life, and can &stop;tre intégré at the circuit intégré by pumping the voltage and working current with a simple current d’injection.

because of these advantages, lasers à diodes à semi-conductors have été widely utilisés in communications by laser, optical storage, gyroscope, optical, laser printing, the télémésorts and radar.

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Principle of the laser illumination

To produce a laser pointer, the following conditions must &our vision to be fulfilled:

Premièsurely, the number of population is inversé;

Secondèextremely, there must be a cavité résonante may play a r&taxes;the rétroaction optical and form a oscillation laser; the cavité Fabry-Perot is the simplest of the forms.

Troisièextremely, the laser must éalso meet the threshold conditions, à to know that the gain is supérieur à the total loss.

laser Pointer 50mW/80mW/150mW-point and line-2-in-1

(1) Rélaying à some of the threshold conditions.

in Order to form an oscillation is stable, the laser medium must be able to provide a gain large enough to compensate for the optical loss causée by the cavité and the loss createdée via the exit laser pen of the surface of the cavité, and continually increase the light field in the cavité. This nérequires a current injection is strong enough, it is-à-say that there is a population inversion sufficient and that the higher the degreeé inversion of the particles is élevé, the greater the gain obtained is important, that is to say, it is nénecessary to comply with a certain condition of threshold current. When the laser reaches the threshold level, the lumière having a wavelength spéto be specific can réringing in the cavité and &stop;tre amplifiée, and finally, a laser is formé for é - set continuous.

(2) The cavité résonante may serve rétroaction optics to form an oscillation laser.

To obtain the radiation stimulé cohérent, the radiation stimulé has to &stop;tre returnedé à several times in the cavité optics to form a oscillation laser cavité of the laser is formée by the cleavage plane of the natural crystal semi-conductor in the form of a mirror, généusually without lumière. The extrémité is plaquée un film diéelectric multi-layer à high réflexion and the surface émettrice of lumière is plaquée of an anti-reflective coating.

For the lasers à semi-conductors à cavité F-P (Fabry-Croove), it is convenient d’use of the natural cleavage of the crystal is perpendicular to the plane of junction P-N to form the cavité F-P.

(3) Conditions gain:

The distribution the inverse of the carriers in the laser medium (active area) is éestablished. L’éenergy éelectrons in the semiconductor écomposée d’a série of bands d’éenergy close to d’a-level d’éenergy-continuous, it is nénecessary d’&our vision to be in the conduction band à état de haute éenergy between the two réregions of the band d’éenergy. The number d'éelectrons at the bottom is much larger than the number of holes at the top of the valence band bass éenergy, which is obtained by applying a forward bias to the homojunction or hétérojonction and injecting the carriers nénecessary in the active layer. The éelectrons are excités of a valence band d'éenergy infélimit à a conduction band d'éenergy supélimit. When a large number (d'éelectrons in one état in which the number of particles is inversé combinés with holes, a émission stimulée générée.

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Gécharacteristics of the laser à semi-conductor

 blue laser pointer à semi-conductor is a type of laser device in which a matériau semi-conductor is a substance active. It is né in 1962 and présente the following benefits, in addition to the characterécommon characteristics of lasers:

(1) small size and weight léger;

(2) the engine power and the current is low;

(3) effectivenessé élevée and long hardée of life;

(4) modulation éelectric direct;

(5) optoée-easy à intéintegrate with various devices, optoéelectronic;

(6) Compatible with the technology of manufacturing of semi-conductors and can &our vision to be producedé série.

because of these characterécharacteristics, lasers à semi-conductors have made l’objet d’attention and many researches in the world since their création. It has become the laser of première classe le plus utilisé in the world, in which growth is most rapid, that is out of the laboratory to commercialization and the output value is the largest.

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Principle of operation of the laser à semi-conductor

The principle of operation of the laser 500mW à semi-conductor is a méthode excitement: the matériau semi-conductors (that is to say, using édetector) uses à éclairer between the bands d'éenergy and the cleavage plane of the crystal semiconductor is used to form the two surfaces of the mirror parallelèforming a cavité résonante, so that the lumière oscillates and turns. The radiation that produces the lumière is amplifié and the laser is é.

lasers à semi-conductors rely on carriers injectés There are three basic conditions for éput of lasers:

(1) For générer a distribution of the population inversion sufficient, that is to say that the number of particles of high éenergy is sufficiently larger than the number of particles à l'état low éenergy;

(2) There is a cavité résonante appropriateée, which may play a r&taxes;the rétroaction, so that the photons of radiation excités proliferationèrent, générant and an oscillation laser; and

(3) For rélaying à some of the threshold conditions, so that the gain of photons is égal or supérieur à the loss of photons.

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