Prototype pcb fabrication

Error plague, invalid solutions, data breaches, and other tech risks you run into when outsourcing software development. How to avoid them?

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Spacing between wiresIn terms of the processing capacity of the PCB manufacturer, the minimum spacing between wires should not be less than 3mil.

From a production point of view, the bigger the better if possible, the more common is 10mil.2.

The aperture tolerance is slightly different depending on the plate, generally it can be controlled within 0.05mm, and the minimum pad width should not be less than 0.2mm.If it is a large area of copper, it usually needs to be retracted from the edge of the board, generally set to 20mil.

In the PCB design and manufacturing industry, under normal circumstances, due to the mechanical considerations of the finished circuit board, or to avoid curling or electrical short-circuiting due to the exposed copper skin on the edge of the board, engineers often spread copper on a large area The block is shrunk by 20 mils relative to the edge of the board instead of spreading the copper to the edge of the board.There are many ways to deal with this kind of copper shrinkage, such as drawing a keepout layer on the edge of the board, and then setting the distance between the copper paving and the keepout.

Here is a simple method to set different safety distances for copper paving objects.

For example, the safety distance of the whole board is set to 10mil, and the copper paving is set to 20mil, and the effect of 20mil shrinkage of the board edge can be achieved.

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Factors of increasing the value of automotive PCBIn recent years, the trend of automobile electrification and electronics has become more and more obvious.

As the backbone of electronic products, the importance of PCB manufacturing in the automotive supply chain is also increasing day by day.

Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the addition of charging, energy storage, power distribution and voltage conversion equipment for new energy vehicles will bring a large number of new application scenarios to PCBs.At the same time, although autonomous driving above L4 cannot be mass-produced in a short time, the gradual penetration of a variety of intelligent driving components will bring rapid development opportunities for the application of high-end high-frequency PCBs in automobiles.According to calculations by relevant departments, only in the powertrain and transmission fields, the value of PCBs on electric vehicles is as high as about RMB 800 per bicycle, which is 20 times the value of PCBs in this field of traditional vehicles.The new demand for electric vehicles mainly comes from powertrain related equipment-on-board chargers, battery management systems (BMS), voltage conversion systems (DC-DC, inverters, etc.)

and other high-voltage and low-voltage devices.Factors of increasing automotive PCB productionA large number of high-voltage and high-power devices contained in new energy vehicles, such as IGBTs and MOSFETs, have high requirements for heat dissipation, which makes the layout of PCBs not too dense, which further increases the amount of PCBs for new energy vehicles.On each new energy vehicle, the total PCB board required for the above-mentioned equipment alone amounts to about 0.8 square meters.However, the total PCB required for a medium-level electronic fuel vehicle is only about 0.43 square meters.

In the internal combustion engine and traditional system of traditional fuel vehicles, the amount of PCB used is very small, only about 0.04 square meters in total, which has greatly increased the output of automotive PCB.According to calculations by relevant departments, the PCB consumption of new energy vehicles equipped with millimeter-wave radar and large central control screens will reach 1.24 square meters, worth 1281 yuan, which is 3.6 times that of traditional fuel vehicles without the above configuration.Factors contributing to the considerable growth rate of China's pcb marketThe production and sales of China's new energy passenger vehicles will continue to grow rapidly in the next few years, and the CAGR is expected to be around 40% in 2018-2025.

The domestic new energy passenger vehicle sales exceeded 1 million in 2018, and it is expected to exceed 2.5 million by 2020, and close to 12 million by 2025, with a market share of more than 40%.Major domestic PCB manufacturers have a relatively complete layout in the fields of automotive infotainment, lighting, powertrain and chassis (steering and braking).It is estimated that by 2025, the global automotive PCB market will reach 58.3 billion yuan, and China is expected to reach 40 billion yuan.

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The life of traditional taxi service has become almost unbearable in the last five years. The competition has become intense; customer loyalty almost nonexistent and cheaper transport is stepping in. Uber takes the market away from the traditional taxi businesses through taxi booking apps. The reality is that Uber like taxi will stay in the market and the world will be never the same again for the traditional taxi business.

May be you are a person running a taxi business or perhaps someone looking into developing an independent taxi dispatch app development. Whatever the case, a mobile solution is necessary. Let’s discuss the varieties of taxi apps that can be build and how they are developed and how this is delivered with the modern technologies.

Taxi booking app: An extension of your taxi business

There are various taxi booking apps on the market. One type is the app suited to established taxi business who own their own cars and drivers. These are apps, which are used as extensions of business. With a mobile app for the existing service a taxi company can make it easier for customers to book a ride along with expanding the client base.

Taxi booking app as an independent booking service

If you don’t have a garage full of cabs but still inspired to enter the taxi market, then its like an option used by Uber where you can provide mobile booking service to the taxi drivers. This can be done in a simpler and complex way.

1.    A simple taxi booking app solution

This simple taxi app solution involves a single app for the customers which contains a list of cab services with its process and ability to call and order a cab directly from the app. You may add a destination in the map and calculate the approximate price of the ride. For this, you don’t even need a server. Keep in mind that the apps database should be monitored and updated frequently to manage the price changes.

2.    A taxi app like Uber

This is a fully featured taxi booking solution, which will need you to invest in the backend development in addition to the front end, as you will need another server. For this, you need to establish partnerships with taxi companies and offer them the app with two discrete interfaces- one for the riders and other for the drivers.

With the help of GPS, the current location of the rider in need of the taxi and the nearest driver is identified. Monitoring the driver’s location is the most important in this case of taxi solution. To get upto-date information about this request can be sent to the server every hour, every minute or every second with whatever frequency you require. This is how you build an app like Uber in brief.

Uber-like app features and technology stack

For taxi app development, technology is the very important, but not as important as the value that a taxi app can provide to the drivers and the riders. Uber have succeeded by attacking a vulnerable market with their mobile app which was customer focused. Unlike the traditional taxi services, Uber was also best at- convenience, professionalism and reliability.

Therefore, if you are thinking of developing a taxi business, it’s recommendable to define the app value first

How to achieve convenience, reliability and professionalism

To begin your business with a taxi app you should first hire a taxi app development company who can build the following features:

1.    Location tracking

Uber tracks your location even when you are not using the app and this helps to get the driver location within seconds. Once the booking is made, the rider gets a countdown until the driver arrives. This helps the passengers to get rid of their worry of the taxi not showing up, which is often the case with traditional taxi services.

You can also track the rider’s location if they have shared the personal location data and the permission to access it.

2.    Build in maps and traffic data

The navigation experience given to the drivers in an Uber like app has greatly helped the drivers. Uber uses variety of services for this where the main source of location data is google maps. They also uses Microsoft’s Bing mapping, startup deCarta etc.
Since Uber operates globally, navigation should be taken pretty seriously. If you don’t plan for a global expansion then you might not need location data sources. For iOS taxi app development Apple’s map kit framework can be used to embed a fully functional  map interface in to your app. Using google maps is the best choice. Nothing can be better than a google map anyway.

3.    Fare Calculation

Hearing the phrase ‘taxi price calculation’, a meter mount dashboard come into mind. However, this is not the way cab-booking apps operate. Taxi app calculates fare using 4 components

•    Base Fare
•    Cost per minute
•    Cost per mile
•    Booking fee

The cost per mile is calculated with the help of GPS according to the mileage and company price list. The price is then submitted to the rider before the cab arrives.

4. Payment system integration

Uber’s automated payment almost feels like payment less payments since you don’t have to reach your pockets and hand over the cash. You can include options like pay with cash, pay with credit card. With cash payment, you should make sure the client’s mind does not change before the taxi arrives. 

5. Rating system

Uber is more reliable than the traditional taxi services. This is achieved by giving both the riders and drivers more information than traditional taxi services both before and during the ride and by implementing a rating system in the app. The rating system increases the drivers and riders sense of control and security.

Before getting down to implement your taxi business idea, consider the other established apps that h