Cancer is a significant global public health concern. Due to variables such as nutrition, the environment, and the aging of the population, the global prevalence of cancer has increased in recent years, and cancer is gaining prominence as the main cause of death.
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are the only treatments for cancer now accessible. On the path to cancer treatment, medical researchers have investigated cancer-prevention vaccines. Vaccines against HPV-related diseases, for instance, have lowered the incidence of cervical cancer and other forms of cancer. Moreover, the majority of these vaccines are therapeutic vaccines that target particular surface proteins produced by tumor cells; if these surface proteins mutate, the vaccine's protective efficacy diminishes.
Recently, Harvard University researchers released an article titled "A vaccine targeting resistant tumors by dual T cell plus NK cell attack".
Researchers have discovered a novel and more flexible cancer vaccine that assists the immune system in eliminating tumor defenses and destroying cancer by stimulating T cells and natural killer cells to fight synergistically so that they may perform a larger variety of immune functions. According to the researchers, the vaccine might be used to treat a variety of cancers.
In the study, researchers developed a conceptual new cancer vaccine that targets the tumor immune escape mechanism. The vaccine targets MICA and MICB stress proteins on the surface of tumors, which are produced in large quantities when the body suffers excessive DNA damage due to cancer, but are barely detectable in healthy cells.
This vaccine works by eliminating one of the main defense strategies used by tumors. Antibodies generated by vaccination block tumor cells from segmenting MICA and MICB, limiting the probability that they will activate immune cells and evade immune attack. When the MICA and MICB proteins linked to the surface of the tumor are shed, the tumor is free to proliferate. At the same time, the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells is enhanced, and the cross-presentation of T cells is increased, accelerating the immune system to destroy tumors.
The vaccine disrupts this cleavage process by increasing the density of proteins on the surface of tumor cells, which the researchers call "stimulating protective immunity".
Experiments with MICB transgenic mice, which are analogous to human cancer cells, revealed that vaccinated mice inhibited MICB shedding to undetectable levels and significantly increased the cell surface protein density of MICB in melanoma cells, and that the vaccine demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling melanoma and lymphoma cells expressing MICB or MICA.
To evaluate vaccine-induced immune memory, mice were re-exposed to melanoma four months following the original vaccination and found to be fully protected.
Using two models of spontaneous metastasis, a melanoma model and a triple-negative breast cancer model, the researchers also examined the prevention of metastatic and recurring malignancies by immunizing mice following surgical excision of the primary tumor.
Histological investigation of lung sections revealed that the immunization significantly decreased the frequency and size of lung metastases compared to controls.
Similarly, the researchers examined the immunogenicity and safety of vaccines in non-human primates, rhesus monkeys. The study demonstrated that all four rhesus monkeys developed anti-MICA and anti-MICB antibodies following vaccination, and that titers grew 100 to 1000-fold with consecutive boosters. No clinical adverse effects were seen after vaccination, giving early proof of the vaccine's safety.
The researchers believe the vaccine might be utilized to treat a variety of cancers in a large number of cancer patients. There is evidence that the vaccination is more effective when administered alongside radiation treatment. They are currently planning a human clinical study to evaluate the novel vaccine.
With COVAXIN by Bharat Biotech getting the regulatory nod for human trials along with another India candidate, interest on vaccine again returned in public discussion.
To order this detailed 290+ page report, please visit this link Key InclusionsA detailed review of the overall landscape of companies offering in silico drug discovery services for large molecules, including information on year of establishment, company size, location of headquarters, type of business model used (contract service providers (CROs), software / technology providers, consulting service providers and training service providers), number of drug discovery step(s) for which the company offers services involving the use of in silico approaches (target identification, target validation, hit generation, hit-to-lead and lead optimization), type of large molecules(s) handled (antibodies (monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), antibody fragments, single domain antibodies, antisense antibodies and others), proteins (fusion proteins, protein fragments, enzymes and hormones), peptides, cell therapies, gene therapies, vectors and nucleic acids), type of in silico approach used (structure-based drug design (SBDD), fragment-based drug design (FBDD), target-based drug design (TBDD), ligand-based drug design (LBDD) and interface-based drug design (IBDD)), type of in silico service(s) offered (virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular modeling, scaffold hopping and 8+ services), and type of clientele served (pharmaceutical / biotechnology companies and academic / research institutes).Insights on contemporary market trends, depicted using four schematic representations, which include [A] a logo landscape of the industry players engaged in this domain, distributed based on the basis of location of their company size (small (1-50 employees), mid-sized (51-200 employees) and large (>200 employees)) and respective headquarters, [B] a tree map representation of in silico service providers, featuring a distribution of stakeholders on the basis of the company size and drug discovery steps, [C] a world map representation, highlighting the key hubs with respect to outsourcing activity within this domain, and [D] an insightful grid analysis, presenting the distribution of companies based on the type of large molecule, in silico approach used and type of clientele.Elaborate profiles of key industry players that offer a wide range of in silico drug discovery services, featuring a brief overview of the company (including details related to year of establishment, company size, location of headquarters and key members of the executive team), funding and investment information (if available), in silico-based service(s) portfolio) and an informed future outlook.A detailed peer group-based benchmarking analysis, comparing the involved players based on several relevant parameters, such as the experience of the company, number of drug discovery step(s), number of in silico service(s) offered, number of large molecule(s) for which the aforementioned services are offered and type of clientele.An insightful competitiveness analysis featuring a four-dimensional bubble chart, highlighting the key players in this domain on the basis of the strength of their respective service portfolios, taking into consideration the experience of a service provider, number of drug discovery services offered and number of large molecules, for which the aforementioned services are offered.A detailed analysis assessing the current opportunity within in silico drug discovery services market, comparing the number of pipeline products and current market size across different types of large molecules, and the availability and capabilities of affiliated in silico drug discovery service providers.A discussion on the various business strategies that can be adopted by in silico drug discovery service providers in order to maintain a competitive edge in this industry, based on the different types of large molecules handled and the technical expertise of service providers, in terms of capabilities across different steps of drug discovery.An insightful analysis highlighting the cost saving potential associated with the use of in silico approaches in the drug discovery process.A case study comparing the key challenges associated with the discovery and production of large molecules, affiliated product development timelines, and manufacturing protocols, with those of small molecule drugs.Insights from an industry-wide survey, featuring inputs solicited from various experts who are directly / indirectly involved in providing in silico services for discovery of large molecule drugs.A discussion on the upcoming computational approaches (such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing) that are being adopted for drug discovery purposes and are likely to impact early stage research over the coming years.A case study highlighting several non-computational methods / technologies, which are considered to be of significant importance to the overall drug discovery process.
The report also features the likely distribution of the current and forecasted opportunity across important market segments, mentioned below: Key Drug Discovery StepsTarget IdentificationTarget ValidationHit GenerationHit-to-LeadLead Optimization Type of Large MoleculeAntibodiesProteinsPeptidesNucleic AcidsVectors Company SizeSmallMid-sizedLarge Target therapeutic AreaAutoimmune DisordersBlood DisordersCardiovascular DisordersGastrointestinal and Digestive DisordersHormonal DisordersHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Infectious DiseasesMetabolic DisordersMental DisordersMusculoskeletal DisordersNeurological DisordersOncological DisordersRespiratory DisordersSkin DisordersUrogenital DisordersOthers Type of SponsorIndustry PlayersNon-Industry Players Key Geographical RegionsNorth AmericaEuropeAsia-Pacific The report includes detailed transcripts of discussions held with the following experts:John L Kulp (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technical Officer, Conifer Point Pharmaceuticals)Sven Benson (Founder, candidum)Mark Whittaker (Senior Vice President, Evotec)Edelmiro Moman (Scientific Consultant and Teacher, ProSciens) To request sample pages, please visit this link Key Questions AnsweredWho are the leading in silico service providers for discovery of different types of large molecule drugs?What are the key challenges associated with the discovery of large molecule drugs?What is the likely cost saving opportunity associated with the use of in silico tools?What are the key computational approaches being used by in silico service providers for drug discovery operations?What are the popular business strategies being used by in silico drug discovery service providers?How is the current and future market opportunity likely to be distributed across key market segments?
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