
Framework Silicates, also known as tectosilicates, are the most abundant and complex group of silicate minerals. They have a three-dimensional network of tetrahedra, with each tetrahedron sharing its oxygen atoms with other tetrahedra to form a framework structure. This structure gives framework silicates their characteristic hardness and resistance to weathering.
Examples of framework Silicates include quartz, feldspar, and zeolites. Quartz is the most common mineral on Earth and is found in many different types of rocks, including granite, sandstone, and shale. Feldspar is another common framework silicate and is a major component of many igneous rocks, such as granite and basalt. Zeolites are a group of framework silicates that are commonly used in industry for their ability to adsorb and catalyze chemical reactions.
Single-chain silicates, also known as pyroxenoids, have a structure that is intermediate between chain silicates and sheet silicates. They have a one-dimensional structure in which the tetrahedra form single chains that are linked together by shared oxygen atoms, similar to chain silicates. However, the chains are surrounded by a layer of other tetrahedra, giving them a sheet-like appearance.
Examples of single-chain silicates include wollastonite and pectolite. Wollastonite is a common mineral in metamorphic rocks and is used in the production of ceramics and glass. Pectolite is a rare mineral that is found in certain types of igneous rocks and is prized by collectors for its attractive blue-green color.