What is the Programming Paradigm and Its Types? From the development of the first programming language to the improvement and emergence of newer ones, programming languages are continuously pushing the boundaries of what programming can be.
And if you are a programmer or someone interested in software development, you might have heard about ‘programming paradigms’.
But, wait what is it and what are its types? In this blog, we will break programming paradigms down and provide you with a more straightforward context about each.
What is the Programming Paradigm?
A programming paradigm refers to the way or approach to classifying programming languages based on their features, patterns, coding styles, frameworks, etc., to solve a particular problem.
In simple terms, it can be defined as a way of thinking and structuring the functionalities of a program. Most of the programming languages that are being used by software developers these days support multiple programming paradigms simultaneously.
Read: Top 5 Programming Languages, Tools & Technologies
Types of Programming Paradigms
Some of the popular types of programming paradigms are:
- Imperative
- Procedural
- Object-Oriented
- Declarative
- Functional
- Data-Driven
- Logic
- Event-driven
- Aspect-Oriented
1. Imperative
Also referred to as algorithmic programming, it is a paradigm that gives explicit instructions to a computer on how to execute a task. It uses statements to change a program’s state. In imperative programming, functions are coded implicitly at each necessary level to resolve an issue.
Some of the popular imperative programming languages are C, C++, Java, Python, etc. Also, imperative programming doesn’t use pre-coded models. Some of its types are as follows:
2. Procedural
It is a type of imperative programming where a program is coded using one or more functions or procedures. Procedural programming is derived from structured programming that is based on the concept of procedures, also called subroutines, routines, and functions.
These procedures contain a series of computational steps that need to be performed. Major examples of procedural programming languages include BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, etc.
3. Object-Oriented
The object-oriented programming paradigm is based on the ‘object’ concept. These objects can consist of data and code rather than functions and logic. Here, data is in field format and code in procedure form.
These procedures are attached to objects, allowing easier access and data field modifications. Java, C++, C#, Python, Swift, Objective-C, Ruby, and PHP are a few examples of object-oriented programming languages.
Read: Common Data Structures for Programmers
4. Declarative
It is a high-level programming paradigm that is the opposite of imperative programming. In descriptive programming, programs specify the required results, not the way to achieve them. The declarative paradigm is further divided into functional, data-driven, and logical programming styles.
It expresses computation logic without describing its control flow. SQL, HTML, CSS, XAML, YAML, Haskell, and XML, are some most commonly used declarative programming languages.
5. Functional
It is a programming paradigm where programs are coded by applying and composing functions. Here the computation is treated as a mathematical function evaluation and developers evade changing mutable data and state.
Simply put, in functional programming, functions can be assigned to variables, returned from other functions, and passed as arguments. Some examples are Erlang, Haskell, Lisp, Scala, PureScript, Elixir, and more.
Read: What is Software Development
6. Data-Driven
In data-driven programming, the flow and behavior of a program are determined by data instead of hard-coded instructions. Here data is used to control the decision-making and logic of the program. A few examples of data-driven programming languages are Hadoop, SQL, R, and Python.
7. Logic
The logic programming paradigm uses a set of rules and facts, to describe constraints and relationships within a problem domain. Here rules are written as logical clauses and follow a declarative approach. This programming paradigm can be used to express knowledge without depending on the implementation.
Read: Top 10 Programming Languages for Desktop Apps
8. Event-driven
This paradigm focuses on designing software programs that are based on events. In the event-driven paradigm, asynchronous actions’ emitters and listeners are used. Here the entities communicate indirectly with each other by sending messages through an intermediary.
Instead of following a sequential or linear execution pattern, the control flow of the event-driven paradigm is determined by events and event handlers. Java with JavaFX and SWING, Python with Tkinter and PkQt, Objective-C, Unity, and more are some examples of event-driven programming languages in the market.
9. Aspect-Oriented
The Aspect-Oriented Programming paradigm (AOP) expands upon traditional programming paradigms like procedural programming, object-oriented programming, and functional programming. It complements object-oriented programming by separating software application concerns to enhance modularization.
AOP is largely used to manage cross-cutting issues due to code duplication and maintainability of the program in software systems. C++, .NET, Ruby, Spring AOP, AspectJ, etc. are some popular examples of aspect-oriented programming languages.
Read: How to Succeed in Learning Programming
Wrapping it Up
Each programming paradigm has its own ‘essence’ that one can only understand clearly by using it. And, without learning about each of these paradigms, it will be quite difficult to choose the programming language that supports the paradigm that works best for your application.
So that was all about programming paradigms and if you want to build a software app for your business but aren’t sure about the paradigm and language to opt for, then get in touch with our experts now! They will help you decide on the right solution according to your unique business needs.
FAQs: Types of Programming Paradigms
What are the types of paradigms of programming?
Imperative, Declarative, Event-Driven, Flow-Driven, and Aspect-Oriented are the major types of programming paradigms.
What is a programming paradigm?
A programming paradigm refers to the way or approach to classifying programming languages based on their features, patterns, coding styles, frameworks, etc., to solve a particular problem.
Interpreted and high-level programming language with strong emphasis on code readability, Python is a powerful, flexible, and general-purpose functional programming language.
As one of the most common, popular, and widely used programming languages, it is widely spread.
You can find information on some of the modules in this blog, whether you are a novice or an expert.
Most of them are third-party plugins, and so they need to be installed since Python does not come with them.
The module is used to separate complex programs into smaller, easier to manage files.
By describing our most commonly used functions as modules, rather than copying their meanings into different applications, we will be able to save time.
Both NodeJS and AngularJS are widely used and open source JavaScript-based technologies.
AngularJS is a JavaScript framework, whereas NodeJS is a cross-platform runtime environment.As a client-side JavaScript framework, AngularJS Angular enables developers to create dynamic web applications based on model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern and using HTML as a template language.At the same time, NodeJS helps programmers to build scalable server-side applications by using JavaScript as a server-side programming language.
Hence, NodeJS and AngularJS differ from each other in the category of architecture, functionality, performance, and usage.To get in-Depth knowledge on Nodejs you can enroll for a live demo on Nodejs Online TrainingNodeJS Vs AngularJS: Understanding Important Differences Between NodeJS And AngularJSCore ArchitectureAngularJS was developed by Google as a web application development framework.
It was written in a number of programming languages — JavaScript, C, and C++.Take your career to new heights of success with Angularjs Online TrainingWeb FrameworkUnlike NodeJS, AngularJS is a web framework.
But they have an option to choose from a wide range of NodeJS-based frameworks — Socket.io, Hapi.js, Meteor.js, Express.js, and Sails.js.InstallationThe developers can write NodeJS applications in JavaScript.
They can embed the AngularJS files in the code base just like other JavaScript files.Important FeaturesBoth NodeJS and AngularJS support MVC architectural pattern.
One of the vital elements of today’s business industry is web applications.
Businesses are utilizing these web applications to gain success and achieve their objectives faster.
You can aim for plenty of customers and clientele at a specific time by using these applications.
These apps allow the firms to connect with new clients and inform them about your brand and services.
Web applications have a significant effect on the branding approach.
It eases communication between business organizations and potential clients.
