A subjectively unpleasant feeling linked to our conscious awareness of the need to throw up is nausea. The abrupt ejection of stomach contents from the mouth is known as vomiting or emesis.
The most common side effects patients experience post-surgery are nausea and vomiting. This can be greatly annoying and causes discomfort to the patients.
This may include a delayed rate of recovery, leading to prolonged hospital stays, thereby increasing healthcare costs. About 20-30% of patients experience it within 24-48 hours post-surgery.
The likelihood of developing postoperative nausea and vomiting depends on the three primary factors:
- Patient-related factors [ sex, personal history, past medical history]
- Surgical factor [ type and intensity of surgery]
- Anesthetic factors [ type of anesthetic agent used]
Risk Factors
- Female gender
- Patients experienced previous episodes of PONV or motion sickness
- Non-smoker
- Delayed gastric emptying
- Use of opioids in postoperative care
- Prolonged operative times
- Certain surgeries like gynecological surgeries, laparoscopic surgeries, etc
- Use of opioids, nitrous oxide, and other volatile anesthetics
Understanding the mechanism behind PONV
Our brain consists of two regions: The vomiting center and the Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). Certain anesthetics during surgery, combined with the above-mentioned patient factors, can interfere with the brain's chemoreceptor trigger zone. The vomiting center now receives various signals from the CTZ, gastrointestinal tract, higher cortical zones, and the vestibular system, causing a nauseous feel and strong signals from these zones that pose a threat to the body's equilibrium and then act on abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and stomach to throw out causing vomiting. This cascade of actions in the vomiting center releases neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, substance P, and serotonin. They carry out the process of completing vomiting reflux.
Managing and Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
The approaches to managing PONV involve a combination of multiple approaches, starting from prophylactic therapy to managing it medically and following some conservative approaches to ensure the patient is completely getting rid of PONV.
1. Prophylactic management:
In this approach, we follow measures to reduce the risk of developing PONV before the surgery itself by identifying the patient with risk factors and minimizing them. We can reduce the use of opioid analgesics and volatile gases and switch to other analgesics, such as regional or total intravenous anesthesia. Also, we can start prophylactic antiemetic therapy to reduce the risk of nausea and vomiting; some of the medications include,
- Serotonin antagonists- Ondansetron, Granisetron
- Dopamine antagonist- Droperidol
- Antihistamines- Dimenhydrinate, Promethazine
- Corticosteroids- Dexamethasone.
Combinational medication therapy can also be initiated to control PONV; sometimes a combination of 5HT3 antagonists, namely Fosnetupitant and Palonosetron, is used along with dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.
2. Pharmacotherapy
Administering antiemetics involves identifying the underlying cause of PONV.
A multimodal approach with various classes of antiemetics is prescribed to ensure the effectiveness of treatment. Combinational therapy reduces the incidence of PONV by a further 30 percent. Usually, ondansetron can be considered a first-line option among other agents. Opioid-induced PONV is treated well with ondansetron. Cyclizine may be an alternative if ondansetron and prochlorperazine are not effective. In cases of patients experiencing delayed gastric emptying that causes PONV, it can be managed by giving metoclopramide. However, healthcare professionals must analyse and prescribe the choice of antiemetics and their combinational use.
3. Conservative management
- Ensuring adequate IV fluid therapy is carried out.
- Making sure the analgesia is sufficient.
- Ensure a good oxygen supply to the patient.
- Minimise the patient's movement to reduce dizziness, fainting.
- Managing pain efficiently since poor control of pain after surgery can trigger PONV.
Conclusion
Postoperative nausea and vomiting can be the most uncomfortable response that a patient can experience after surgery. However, the advances in pharmacotherapy approaches can be implemented effectively by identifying patients' risk factors, eliminating the trigger points that lie behind them, and starting an appropriate therapeutic plan to alleviate nausea and vomiting.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side-effect of many cancer treatments.
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families.The classification of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs includes 5-HT3 Inhibitors, NK1 Inhibitors and others.
The proportion of 5-HT3 Inhibitors in 2017 is about 62%, and the proportion of NK1 Inhibitors in 2017 is about 33%.Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs are application for Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy, Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy, Low Emetogenic Chemotherapy and others.
The most of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs is used for Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy, and the market share of that is about 52 % in 2017.Download FREE Sample of this Report @ https://www.grandresearchstore.com/report-sample/global-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-vomiting-drugs-2019-2024-58According to this study, over the next five years the Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs market will register a 5.9% CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach US$ 96 million by 2024, from US$ 72 million in 2019.
In particular, this report presents the global market share (sales and revenue) of key companies in Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs business, shared in Chapter 3.This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.This study considers the Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs value and volume generated from the sales of the following segments:Segmentation by product type: breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, in Section 2.3; and forecast to 2024 in section 11.7.5-HT3 InhibitorsNK1 InhibitorsOtherSegmentation by application: breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, in Section 2.4; and forecast to 2024 in section 11.8.Highly Emetogenic ChemotherapyModerately Emetogenic ChemotherapyLow Emetogenic ChemotherapyOtherThis report also splits the market by region: Breakdown data in Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.AmericasUnited StatesCanadaMexicoBrazilAPACChinaJapanKoreaSoutheast AsiaIndiaAustraliaEuropeGermanyFranceUKItalyRussiaSpainMiddle East & AfricaEgyptSouth AfricaIsraelTurkeyGCC CountriesThe report also presents the market competition landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/manufacturers in the market.
The key manufacturers covered in this report: Breakdown data in in Chapter 3.MerckEisaiMundipharmaQilu PharmaTevaNovartisHeron TherapeuticsRocheMylanTesaroResearch objectives:To study and analyze the global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2014 to 2018, and forecast to 2024.To understand the structure of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs market by identifying its various subsegments.Focuses on the key global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.To analyze the Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).To project the consumption of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.Get the Complete Report & TOC @ https://www.grandresearchstore.com/life-sciences/global-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-vomiting-drugs-2019-2024-58Table of content1 Scope of the Report1.1 Market Introduction1.2 Research Objectives1.3 Years Considered1.4 Market Research Methodology1.5 Economic Indicators1.6 Currency Considered2 Executive Summary2.1 World Market Overview2.1.1 Global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Consumption 2014–20242.1.2 Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Consumption CAGR by Region2.2 Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Segment by Type2.2.1 5-HT3 Inhibitors2.2.2 NK1 Inhibitors2.2.3 Other2.3 Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Consumption by Type2.3.1 Global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Consumption Market Share by Type (2014–2019)2.3.2 Global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014–2019)2.3.3 Global Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Sale Price by Type (2014–2019)2.4 Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Drugs Segment by Application2.4.1 Highly Emetogenic ChemotherapyCONTACT US:276 5th Avenue, New York , NY 10001,United StatesInternational: (+1) 646 781 7170 / +91 8087042414Email: [email protected] Us On linkedin :- https://www.linkedin.com/company/grand-research-store/
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Therapeutics Market report published by Value Market Research, which studies the future outlook of the market.
It includes the size, share, growth, trends, key players, segments and regional analysis in detail during the study year 2020-2027.The research report also covers the comprehensive profiles of the key players in the market and an in-depth view of the competitive landscape worldwide.
The major players in the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting therapeutics market include GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck & Co., Inc, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Heron Therapeutics, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Tesaro, Inc., Acacia Pharma, Baxter international Inc., Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings, Mundipharma International limited, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.
This section consists of a holistic view of the competitive landscape that includes various strategic developments such as key mergers & acquisitions, future capacities, partnerships, financial overviews, collaborations, new product developments, new product launches, and other developments.Get more information on "Global Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Therapeutics Market Research Report" by requesting FREE Sample Copy at https://www.valuemarketresearch.com/contact/chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-therapeutics-market/download-sampleMarket DynamicsRising cancer prevalence, a growing number of patients undergoing chemotherapy, expanding healthcare infrastructure, and a high success rate of therapies are factors accelerating the demand for nausea and vomiting drugs induced by chemotherapy.
As per World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million new cases in 2020.
Easing the health insurance process, expanding the number of cancer specialist hospitals worldwide, and growing life expectancy is causing a rise in the number of chemotherapies performed, propelling the market growth.
