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What is Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Child Psychology Answers
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (previously Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder) has gained increased recognition over the past several years, and there has been a significant rise in the number of children diagnosed with this disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms such as poor social communication (e.g. poor eye contact, inability to engage in normal back-and-forth conversation), failure to develop peer relationships, rigid adherence to routines and rituals, and abnormally intense fixations and/or preoccupations. There may be delays in spoken language, inability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others, and repetitive use of language that may not make sense to others. Children with ASD may also be very sensitive to certain visual stimuli, sounds, tastes, smells, or textures.


Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder


Although ASD has historically not been diagnosed until the toddler years or later, we are increasingly able to diagnose this disorder earlier. Developing infants are extremely social by nature from very early on, often drawing others into their world by looking into the faces of parents, smiling, etc. When there is an impairment in this instinctive behavior, the observant parent and/or pediatrician may take notice.

Early diagnosis of ASD is extremely beneficial. There is a good deal of research that supports the utility of early intervention; the earlier that diagnosis and treatment occur, the more positive the outcome. If ASD is suspected, a thorough physical exam with a pediatrician is recommended, in order to rule out a medical cause. Next, a comprehensive assessment should be completed, including the administration of measures developed specifically for diagnosing ASD, observation, and detailed feedback from parents and teachers.

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