Tabernanthe IBOGA refers to a shrub commonly found in central West Africa, traditionally used by the Pygmies of Gabon and Cameroon in their passage and healing ceremonies. Traditionally, the Tabernanthe IBOGA is still used for adolescence rites of passage in the BWITI religion or in healing ceremonies, separately for both males and females.
The Bwiti rituals surrounding Iboga usually last for five days and the individual will go through a process known as the process of death and rebirth through the community performing a series of rituals through their journey to Iboga. is directed from in which many people participate; Through this process, the symbolic death of the juvenile or rogue is replaced by the birth of an adult or healthy person.
Iboga's main alkaloid is ibogaine, which has been used since the 1960s to treat various addictions. The root bark of the Tabernanthe iboga plant has played a fundamental role in Bwiti religious rites of passage and healing ceremonies of many tropical African cultures. The iboga plant is found and used in Central West African countries such as Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Zaire, and especially by the Pygmy people in Gabon, as well as the Fang and Mitsogo Bwiti cultures. Etymologically, "Bwiti" can be roughly translated as "ancestor" or "dead", but the word may have originated from "Mbouti", the exact name of a pygmy people located between Gabon and Zaire. The name is
The use of Tabernanthe iboga in African spiritual ceremonies was first reported by French and Belgian explorers in the 19th century, beginning with the work of French naval physician and explorer from Gabon Marie-Théophile Griffon du Belle. By 1889, the first botanical description of the Tabernanthe iboga plant was made and Ibogaine was the first isolated compound from Tabernanthe iboga by scientists Dybowski and Landrin in 1901 and independently by Haller and Haeckel using Tabernanthe iboga specimens from Gabon in the same year . The complete synthesis of ibogaine was completed in 1966 by G. Büchi. Since then, several other methods of synthesizing ibogaine have been developed. From the 1930s to the 1960s, ibogaine was marketed in France as Lambarène, an extract of the Tabernanthe manii plant, and promoted as a mental and physical stimulant.
The drug experienced some popularity among athletes after World War II. Later, lamberene was taken off the markets in 1966 when the sale of products containing ibogaine became illegal in France. The traditional use of Tabernanthe iboga is mainly concentrated in a small country called Gabon with a population of about 1.7 million people, about 20% of whom live in the capital city of Libreville. Today, by some estimates, there are more than 100 mostly rural communities throughout Gabon that continue to practice Bouty in its various forms. The Bwiti are regarded as an animist ritual culture that incorporates iboga in healing and ritual practices, such as transitions from youth to adulthood and other important life transitions (e.g., assuming a leadership role or recovering from extreme grief).
The Iboga spiritual discipline includes many other virtues:
(1) complex oral traditions and cosmologies that differ among practitioners;
(2) a large pharmacopeia of plants that are used for their medicinal, aromatic or spiritual properties;
(3) A wide variety of cleaning and treatment practices
(4) A number of unique instruments and distinctive forms of music known for their complex overtones and multiplicity.
Although the Bwiti tradition is recognized as one of the official religions of Gabon, its traditional practitioners have experienced political neglect largely due to the perception that the Bwiti tradition is primitive, or a form of witchcraft. It is believed. The Bwiti came into contact with the religion, at least among the Fang people of West Africa, at the head of French colonialism in the late 20th century. The French occupation of the region was largely driven by rivalry with the British and an attempt to suppress slavery, widely practiced by other colonial powers in Africa.
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The word Bwiti is often translated as "dead" or "ancestor", but its origins may be rooted in the word Mbouiti, and while the practice is common to Gabonese culture, modest Bwiti temples were established in surrounding areas including Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon, DR Congo and South Africa.
Many Bwiti religion practitioners regard iboga to be the biblical tree of the knowledge of good and evil. It is said that it brings those who consume it in contact with their ancestors and teaches them about the nature of life and death. More than simply a medicinal plant, the iboga tree is believed to act as a kind of “truth serum” or “truth seeker.” As a result of this encounter, the transformations that are later observed in an individual’s personality and physical body are seen as the result of being brought into contact with universal truths. For this reason, it is commonly believed that the uninitiated are unable to fully understand the plant’s potential.
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